{"id":237,"date":"2012-09-22T01:09:12","date_gmt":"2012-09-21T21:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafiadi.ru\/?page_id=237"},"modified":"2025-11-06T14:15:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T11:15:01","slug":"%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b2-%d1%85%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bf%d0%b8%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%87","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vafiadi.ru\/?page_id=237","title":{"rendered":"\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447"},"content":{"rendered":"

1878 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n

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\u041b\u0435\u0432, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0447\u044c.<\/p>\n

\"\u041b\u0435\u0432<\/a>

\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0438 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430<\/p><\/div>\n

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\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435, \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u044f. \u041b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n

\"lev1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\u041b\u044e\u0441\u044f<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n

\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 1908 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 1907 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0444\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435. \u0410 \u0432 1909 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443 \u0413\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043c \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0435. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n

\"\u0412<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\u0432<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e \u0442\u044e\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0430 1912 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u0441. 156)<\/p>\n

\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u0423\u0440\u0431\u044d\u043d\u00bb \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c\u00bb (\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0430 1914 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u0441. 341).<\/p>\n

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\"\u041b\u0435\u0432<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\"\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1878 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f   \u041b\u0435\u0432, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0447\u044c.                   \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435, \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-237","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438: \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vafiadi.ru\/?page_id=237\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438: \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, 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